Permanent ResidencyMultiple PathwaysPath to Citizenship

Green Card 2026: How to Apply for US Permanent Residency

A US Green Card (Lawful Permanent Resident status) lets you live and work in the United States permanently. This guide covers all pathways — employment, family, lottery, and asylum — with current processing times and priority dates.

1M+
Annual Green Cards
Issued each year
10+
Pathways
Employment, family, lottery
5 Years
Naturalization Wait
After receiving green card
50,000
Diversity Lottery
Visas per year

Green Card Pathways

Employment-Based (EB)

Sponsored by a US employer. Categories EB-1 through EB-5 based on skills, investment, and priority.

Typical wait: 1–10+ years

Family-Based

Sponsored by a US citizen or permanent resident spouse, parent, or sibling. Immediate relatives have no annual cap.

Typical wait: 1–20+ years

Diversity Visa Lottery (DV)

50,000 green cards issued annually by random lottery to nationals of countries with historically low immigration rates.

Typical wait: 1–2 years

Asylum / Refugee

Granted to individuals who have been persecuted or fear persecution in their home country on protected grounds.

Typical wait: 1–5 years

Green Card Application Process

1

Determine Your Category

Identify whether you qualify through employment, family, diversity lottery, or another pathway. Each has different requirements and wait times.

2

File Immigrant Petition (I-130 or I-140)

Your sponsor files Form I-130 (family) or I-140 (employment) with USCIS. This establishes your eligibility and priority date.

3

Wait for Visa Availability

Check the USCIS Visa Bulletin monthly. Your priority date must be 'current' before you can proceed. Immediate relatives of US citizens skip this step.

4

Apply for Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing

If in the US, file Form I-485. If abroad, complete DS-260 and attend a consular interview at a US Embassy.

5

Biometrics & Medical Exam

Attend a biometrics appointment and complete Form I-693 medical examination with a USCIS-designated civil surgeon.

6

Interview & Approval

Attend an interview (if required). Upon approval, receive your green card by mail within 2–3 weeks.

Manage Your Green Card Application with AI

Passage tracks your priority date, monitors the Visa Bulletin, sends alerts when your date becomes current, and scans your I-485 documents for errors before filing.

Start Free — No Credit Card

Green Card Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to get a green card?
It depends on your pathway. Immediate relatives of US citizens can get approved in 1–2 years. Employment-based categories for workers from India or China can take 10–50+ years due to per-country caps. The diversity visa lottery typically takes 1–2 years.
What is a priority date for a green card?
Your priority date is the date USCIS received your immigrant petition. It determines your place in line. Each month, the USCIS Visa Bulletin shows which priority dates are 'current' — meaning those applicants can proceed to the next step.
Can I work while waiting for my green card?
If you filed Form I-485 (adjustment of status), you can apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) using Form I-765. This allows you to work legally while your green card is pending.
What is the difference between a green card and citizenship?
A green card grants permanent residency — you can live and work in the US indefinitely. US citizenship, obtained through naturalization (usually after 5 years as a green card holder), gives you the right to vote, carry a US passport, and pass citizenship to children.
Can I travel outside the US with a green card?
Yes, but absences longer than 6 months can jeopardize your residency. Absences over 1 year require a re-entry permit (Form I-131) filed before departure. Continuous residence is required for naturalization.
What is the EB-5 investor green card?
The EB-5 program grants green cards to investors who invest at least $1.05 million (or $800,000 in targeted employment areas) in a US business that creates at least 10 full-time jobs. It's a direct path to permanent residency for high-net-worth individuals.

Related Visa Guides